Creation and Current Issues

Thoughts of the day

2020 June 4
Each individual is different, ignore the people who want to drag you down because they can not go ahead with their own capacity without dragging you down.

2020 June 5
Commitment and effort are the power of success. Be hopeless but do not be tired.

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Spatial expansion of large cardamom and its recent threats....

It is believed that large cardamom is domesticated in Sikkim and Sikkim is said its origin. Nepal is located nearby Sikkim so the practice of large cardamom cultivation is entered through eastern Nepal which has a suitable climatic condition. Large cardamom was introduced into Ilam (Nepal) by the Nepalese laborers who went to Sikkim for seasonal work. L arge cardamom has become a major cash crop contributing directly to poverty alleviation through rural economic development. Its cultivation began around 50 years ago in one district in East Nepal and has expanded to 38 districts.

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: Two Theoretical Eyes

Hoben (1996) clearly reflects his theoretical position on his writing as a political ecologist relating the land degradation issues to history, power and individual property rights. He presents a historically grounded culturally constructed paradigm which was rooted form the narrative. He gives the thick descriptions of traditional Ethiopian context and indigenous agricultural society as well as an effect of highly authoritarian and military ruling society on indigenous practice. Later on, he describes the acceptance of neo-Malthusian environmental narrative by state, development aid agencies and other international environmental conservation institutions. He also explains that, the poor performance and failure of those involved agents in Ethiopian environmental reclamation; mainly the top-down approach of large programs food-for-work (FFW) that supported to the farmer that helps to plant trees and make terraces was became counterproductive. But Munro et al. (2008) present the issue

Sustainability science and sustainable development of agriculture in developing countries in the context of multiple global challenges

The agriculture sector is increasingly being affected by multiple global changes in the world (Tilman et al., 2002). The risk of food insecurity is growing as the population size has been predicted to reach nine billion by 2050 in the world (FAO, 2014, Fischer et al., 2014). It has also been estimated that about ten percent of agricultural productive capacity in developing countries will be declined by 2080 due to global warming (Cline, 2007). In this situation, there is a great challenge of producing enough food to meet the food demand and secure the food for the insecure population. Over the past decades, different scientific approaches have been emerged and used to develop to improve the agriculture sector. For instance, ‘science push, market-driven, and ‘diffusion of innovation approaches’ of agricultural development (see.Arnold and Bell, 2001, World Bank, 2006). In these approaches, the role of both basic and applied sciences has been considered as the main way to solve the agric

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